Japanese has 5 vowels and the combination of these and consonants.
| - | a | i | u | e | o | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k | ka | ki | ku | ke | ko | |
| s | sa | shi | su | se | so | |
| t | ta | chi | tsu | te | to | |
| n | na | ni | nu | ne | no | |
| h | ha | hi | fu | he | ho | |
| m | ma | mi | mu | me | mo | |
| y | ya | i | yu | e | yo | |
| r | ra | ri | ru | re | ro | |
| w | wa | wi | u | we | wo | |
| n | - | - | - | - | - | |
| g | ga | gi | gu | ge | go | |
| z | za | ji | zu | ze | zo | |
| d | da | di | du | de | do | |
| b | ba | bi | bu | be | bo | |
| p | pa | pi | pu | pe | po | |
| f | fa | fi | fu | fe | fo | |
| ky | kya | - | kyu | - | kyo | |
| sh | sha | - | shu | she | sho | |
| ch | cha | - | chu | che | cho | |
| ny | nya | - | nyu | - | nyo | |
| hy | hya | - | hyu | - | hyo | |
| my | mya | - | myu | - | myo | |
| ry | rya | - | ryu | - | ryo | |
| gy | gya | - | gyu | - | gyo | |
| j | ja | ji | ju | je | jo | |
| by | bya | - | byu | - | byo | |
| py | pya | - | pyu | - | pyo | |
In the case of an assimilated sound, consonants is repeated.